Periodontology is a branch of dentistry that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, particularly the gums (gingiva), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament. Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory conditions that can range from mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) to more severe conditions like periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
This is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It involves inflammation of the gums and can cause symptoms like redness, swelling, and bleeding when brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is usually reversible with good oral hygiene practices, including regular dental cleanings.
This is a more severe form of periodontal disease. It occurs when gingivitis progresses and leads to the loss of bone and connective tissue that support the teeth. Periodontitis can result in tooth mobility and, if left untreated, tooth loss.
These are common non-surgical treatments for periodontal disease. Scaling involves the removal of tartar (calculus) and plaque from the tooth's surface and below the gumline. Root planing is the process of smoothing the root surfaces to remove any remaining bacteria. These procedures help reduce inflammation and promote gum healing.
This term refers to the professional cleaning of teeth to remove plaque, calculus, and stains. It is an essential part of preventive dental care and can help maintain oral health by preventing the development of gingivitis and periodontitis.
In some cases of advanced periodontal disease, surgical intervention may be necessary. Periodontal surgery can include procedures like flap surgery (gingival flap surgery), bone grafting, tissue regeneration, and more. These surgeries aim to repair damaged gum and bone tissues, promote the reattachment of gums to the teeth, and restore the overall health of the periodontium.
The specific treatment and procedures required for a patient depend on the severity of their periodontal disease. It’s essential to consult with a periodontist or a general dentist to assess your oral health, receive a proper diagnosis, and determine the most suitable treatment plan.
Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, is key to preventing periodontal diseases.
